OECD Green Growth and Sustainable Development Forum 2024

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High-level Opening Session

Oct 10, 2024 | 12:00 PM - 1:10 PM

Auditorium

Description

The role of trade and investment to address the triple planetary crisis.

Presented by

High-level Opening Session - Key resources

Trade and environment

Retrospective overview of key analysis and findings from OECD work on trade and the environment between 2008 and 2020

This report aims to highlight the transforming landscape of trade and environment issues during the past decade and the role of the OECD's Joint Working Party on Trade and the Environment (JWTPE), in advancing policy analysis of these issues. The report also serves as a reference guide to inform future JWTPE projects, in the context of major emerging trends shifting policy needs and priorities in the trade and environment nexus. 
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Climate policy leadership

Climate Policy Leadership in an Interconnected World: What Role for Border Carbon Adjustments?

This report provides a broad and evidence-based analytical perspective of the debate around the possible role of a Border Carbon Adjustment (BCA) to deal with climate change. The new context of divergent climate ambition has led to a resurgence of interest in BCAs. The paper provides an overview of different policy instruments that can limit carbon leakage, with a particular focus on the BCA option, and offers a technical review of the literature and of the legal specificities around BCA as well as of alternative instruments. The report also analyses the issue of fragmented climate policies in the broader perspective of the trade-climate nexus and discusses how other policy measures – especially those related to trade – can help support climate objectives (for example, reducing the existing barriers to trade in environmental goods, and removing environmentally harmful and trade distortive subsidies).
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Critical minerals

Raw materials critical for the green transition: Production, international trade and export restrictions

The challenge of achieving net zero CO2 emissions will require a significant scaling up of production and international trade of several raw materials which are critical for transforming the global economy from one dominated by fossil fuels to one led by renewable energy technologies. This report provides a first joint assessment of data on production, international trade, and export restrictions on such critical raw materials from the OECD’s Inventory of Export Restrictions on Industrial Raw Materials covering the period 2009-2020. It presents data on production and trade concentrations, sheds early light on the impact of export restrictions, and discusses possible directions of further work in this area. The evidence presented suggests that export restrictions may be playing a non-trivial role in international markets for critical raw materials, affecting availability and prices of these materials. OECD countries have been increasingly exposed to the use of export restrictions for critical raw materials.
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Agriculture and climate change

Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation 2023: Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change

This annual report monitors and evaluates agricultural policies in 54 countries, including the 38 OECD countries, the five non-OECD EU Member States, and 11 emerging economies. It finds that support to agriculture has reached record levels amidst subsequent crises, although the increase in support has been less than the sector’s growth. After COVID-19, governments have taken significant action to limit the impacts of the war in Ukraine on the farming sector and markets. This year’s report focuses on policies for climate-change adaptation and identifies close to 600 adaptation measures adopted by governments, but notes that more action is required to advance the implementation, monitoring and assessment of adaptation measures. The report also finds that most of the support for the sector comes in forms that reduce rather than enhance the sector’s capacity to adjust to future crises, including climate change.
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Clean energy supply chains

Strengthening clean energy supply chains for decarbonisation and economic security

Secure, resilient and sustainable energy technology supply chains are central to successful clean energy transitions. The race to net zero emissions will redefine global energy security and shift the focus from the supply of fossil fuels to the supply of the minerals, materials and manufacturing capacity needed to deliver clean energy technologies. This report, Securing Clean Energy Technology Supply Chains, assesses current and future supply chain needs for key technologies – including solar PV, batteries for electric vehicles and low emissions hydrogen – and provides a framework for governments and industry to identify, assess and respond to emerging opportunities and vulnerabilities. The IEA highlights five key strategies to build secure, resilient and sustainable supply chains: Diversify, Accelerate, Innovate, Collaborate and Invest. 
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Emissions from global shipping

CO2 emissions from global shipping: A new experimental database

The shipping industry is essential for international trade, but it is also an important source of CO2 emissions. To make progress towards climate targets, countries need to monitor CO2 emissions from vessels owned by their ship operator companies. However, most shipping activity takes place outside national borders, making it more difficult to monitor than activity taking place within countries. The OECD’s experimental database on OECD.stat provides a new source of data for CO2 emissions from global shipping, which is available monthly in near real time. This Working Paper presents some initial results from the new data source and describes how they were produced.
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Trade and environment

Remaking Global Trade for a Sustainable Future Project

The Remaking Global Trade for a Sustainable Future Project aims to rethink the foundations for international commerce and develop a WTO reform agenda to better position this critical international organization to meet the needs of the current moment and better align the trading system with the world community’s commitment to a sustainable future. 
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Net zero

Closing in on net zero

This paper sets out the main issues being tackled in Phase Two of the OECD’s Horizontal Project on Climate and Economic Resilience: Net Zero+. These issues are explored in detail in a series of policy papers that bring together the wide range of OECD expertise on climate change to provide governments with a clear overview of policy options at their disposal to address the climate emergency. 
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